Bokosi la Mafuta Onunkhira a Pepala

Kufunika kwa Mapangidwe a Mabokosi Opangira Mafuta a Pepala

Ndi chitukuko cha zachuma, malo osinthira zinthu padziko lonse lapansi akuchulukirachulukira, mafuta onunkhira akuchulukirachulukira ku China, ndipo pali ogulitsa mafuta onunkhira ambiri. Monga chinthu chowonjezera kukoma, kuwonjezera pa kukoma, thupi lake la botolo ndi bokosi lolongedzacKusakaniza ndi mbali ya kukoma kosonyeza kukoma, komwe kuli kosiyana kwambiri ndi zinthu zina. Opanga zonunkhiritsa azindikira izi ndipo ayika ndalama zambiri pakuyika zonunkhiritsa.

M'malo okongola kwambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu, nthawi zonse pamakhala zodzoladzola zodabwitsa komanso zolota. Pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, anthu osangalatsa kwambiri sangalephere kuyima ndikuyang'anandifungo labwinozomwendi wodzaza ndi zauzimu, kapangidwe kake kapadera, komansondiMapaketi akale. Mu dziko lolemerali, mafuta onunkhira salinso chinthu chapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira, kaya ndi kuwonetsa kuzama kwa mwamuna wokhwima komanso waluso kapena kukongola kwa mkazi wokongola komanso wolemekezeka, nthawi zambiri kumasiya anthu ndi fungo labwino pagulu. Mukamununkhiza pang'ono, mutha kumva mawu ake ofunda ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kumva kuti atsitsimutsidwa komanso kutsitsimutsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kaya ndi mtundu wanji wa mafuta onunkhira, nthawi zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe chosungiramo mafuta onunkhira. Ndipo ogula ambiri adzayesa koyamba mafuta onunkhira malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mapaketi asanakhudze fungo la mafuta onunkhira, ndipotenganiIzi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti munthu akudziwa zambiri za malondawo.bokosi la zonunkhirakapangidweiNdi chovala chokongola komanso chofunikira kwambiri pa mafuta onunkhira, ndipo chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza mtundu wa mafuta onunkhira.

Kufunika kwa kulongedza zinthu zonunkhiritsa sikunyalanyazidwa kapena kuonedwa mopepuka. Iyi ndi njira yovuta, kotero kulongedza zinthu zonunkhiritsa kumafuna chisamaliro chachikulu. Sikuti fungo kapena fungo la fungo lokha ndilofunika, komanso ndithudi kulongedza kapena kuphimba, fungo labwino lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chivundikiro kapena kulongedza kodabwitsa.

Fungo la mafuta onunkhira lingakope chidwi cha ogula ndi makasitomala, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi ofunikirakomansoNgati fungolo lili m'botolo kapena bokosi losakhazikika kapena looneka ngati lachilendo, silidzakhala lokongola. Ngati botolo kapena bokosi lomwe lili ndi fungo lanu ndi lokongola komanso losangalatsa, lingapangitse makasitomala anu kukhala ogula anu okhazikika komanso okhulupirika. Tikudziwa kuti fungolo lili m'phukusi,komaNgati sichikukopa, sichingakope chidwi cha kasitomala. Chifukwa chake, n'zoonekeratu kutimafuta onunkhirakulongedzabokosindi wofunika kwambiri mongamafuta onunkhirayokha.

Kodi Mungapange Bwanji Bokosi Lokongola la Mapepala Onunkhira?

Mapaketi a mafuta onunkhira ndi apamwamba, okongola, abwino komanso okongola. Opanga mafuta onunkhira ndi aluso pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndipo amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano, ukadaulo watsopano komanso mitundu yatsopano popanga mapaketi a mafuta onunkhira.IwoTengani mafashoni ndi luso ngati maziko a kapangidwe kake kuti mukwaniritse malingaliro okongola a ogula pakufunafuna zatsopano ndi zosinthandipo aliWaluso pa zaluso kuchokera m'nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Amayamwa zakudya m'ntchito zake.Kupatula apo, nthawi zonse amaterochidwi choyenera kuganiziridwa kuchokera pamalingaliro a ogulandikapangidwe malinga ndimakasitomala'malingaliro m'mbali zonse,basipofuna kukongoletsa kukongola kwa ma phukusi a zonunkhira, poganizira chithunzi ndi momwe ma phukusi a zonunkhira amagwirira ntchito.

Choyamba, kukoma kwa mafuta onunkhira kuyenera kukhalakuganizirandi wambamafuta onunkhiraMa phukusi ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi kukoma, monga fungo la maluwa a duwandifungo la lavenda, kenakophukusili lidzagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa duwandiwofiiriramtundu, kuti phukusi ndi kukoma zikhale ndi zotsatira zomwezo, ndipo anthu azizindikira mankhwalawa kwambiri.

Kenako ganiziraninso mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa botolo la mafuta onunkhira. Kawirikawiri, botolo la mafuta onunkhira wambamafuta onunkhira a pepalabokosikupangidwa kukhalacube kapena cuboidbokosi looneka ngati, koma kutengera cholinga chothandiza mabizinesi kukweza malonda, mabokosi okonzera omwe fakitale yopangira zinthu yapanga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mongamafuta onunkhiramabokosi omwe amakwanira thupi la botolo.Zidzapangitsa kuti mafuta onunkhirawo azionekera kwambiri, ndipo anthu sadzafuna kutaya bokosilo atagula mafuta onunkhirawo, kuti achibale ndi abwenzi omwe abwera nawonso azitha kuwaona ndikupeza zotsatira za kutchuka kwachiwiri. Mafakitale ena opaka mafuta onunkhira nawonso ali ndi kapangidwe kosiyana, monga chozungulirapepala lonunkhirabokosi, lomwe limapanga kusiyana kwakukulu ndi sikweyamafuta onunkhirathupi la botolo mkati.

Chifukwa mafuta onunkhira ambiri amapakidwa m'mabotolo agalasi, ndipo mabotolo ambiri onunkhira ndi okongola, koma galasimafuta onunkhiraMabotolo ndi ofooka ndipo sangapereke chitetezo chabwino. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kakemfundomakamaka imaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: (1) Ndi zokongoletsera zakunja, kotero kuti zokongoletserazo zikhale zosavuta, zokongola, zapamwamba, zokopa ogula, komanso zimawonetsa makhalidwe a mtundu ndi malingaliro a mutu, ndikulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha mtunduwo. (2) Ndi mkatichogwirirakapangidwe kake, komwe kamateteza bwino botolo lopaka mafuta onunkhirabwinondipo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za ma CD obiriwira omwe akuvomerezedwa tsopano. Ma CD amkati makamaka ndi ma CD osungiramo zinthu, ndipo ma CD osungiramo zinthu amapangidwa ndi zinthu zoyenera.

Mosiyana ndi mabokosi ena opaka zinthu, tidzayang'ananso kapangidwe ka bokosi lopaka mafuta onunkhira. Nthawi zambiri, mkati mwa bokosi lopaka zinthu zosamalira khungu ndi katoni yoyera wamba, yomwe imangoteteza botolo kuti lisasweke.Koma nthawi zonse timachitaPangani nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kuti fungoli likhale lofewa komanso lokongola. Popeza fungoli si losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, limakhala nthawi yayitali m'botolo laling'ono, ndipo anthu ambiri aku China amagula fungoli kuti asatseke fungo la thupi, koma sikofunikira. Ku China, fungoli limatha kuonedwa ngati chinthu chapamwamba cha anthu wamba, kotero tikufunika zambiri.pKusamala kwambiri, malo aliwonse awulule zaluso zake zapamwamba, kuwulula zapadera zake, ndipo zapadera zokha ndi zomwe zingawonjezere mwayi woti ogula abweretse mafuta onunkhira kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, njira yogulitsira mafuta onunkhirabwinondikusinthamafuta onunkhirabokosi lolongedza ndi kupanga bokosi lapadera komanso lokomamphatso ya zonunkhirabokosi.

Kapangidwe ka Bokosi la Mafuta Onunkhira a Pepala

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka bokosi la mapepala, bokosi la mafuta onunkhira a mapepala lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: mabokosi opindika, ndi mabokosi olimba. Bokosi lolimba lingagawidwenso m'magulu awiri: bokosi lolimba lopindika ndi lolimba lopindika.

(1)Bokosi Lopinda

Bokosi la mafuta onunkhira lopindidwa lili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, komwe kumatha kusakanikirana mosavuta. Zinthu zopangira bokosi la mapepala opindidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala mapepala okhala ndi C1S. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapepala, mongapepala loyera losindikizira, pepala la siliva lapamwamba kwambiri ndi pepala lagolide lokhala ndi mphamvu yachitsuloNdipo mutha kusankha mapepala osiyanasiyana olemera malinga ndi zomwe mwagula komanso momwe mwagwiritsira ntchito.kulemera kwake kumayambira pa 120gsmmpaka 375gsm. Mutha kusindikiza chilichonse chomwe mukufuna ndi utoto pa pepala lopaka utoto. Kenako lidzaphimbidwa ndi lamination kuti liteteze mtundu wosindikiza ku mikwingwirima. Pali njira ziwiri zokhudzana ndi lamination pamwamba, lamination ya matte ndi lamination yonyezimira. Makasitomala ambiri amasankha lamination ya matte, ngakhale mtengo wake uli wokwera pang'ono kuposa lamination yonyezimira.Zonsekupangamasitepe akhoza kupangidwa ndi makina odzipangira okha,kuyambira kusindikiza, kupukuta, kudula kuti zikhale bokosi looneka ngati lofanana. Pnthawi yokonzekerabokosi losavuta lopaka mapepala onunkhirandi lalifupi kwambiriNdipo chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa bokosi lolimba. Nthawi yopangira mwachangu komanso mtengo wotsika wa bokosi lopaka mafuta onunkhira udzabweretsa phindu lalikulu komanso c.mpikisanopakupanga kwanu ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa malonda.

(2)Bokosi Lolimba

Mosiyana ndi kupindikapepalabokosi, mabokosi olimba ndi osiyanasiyana m'mapangidwe ake, kotero pali mitundu yambiri ya mabokosi a bokosi lolimba, smongachivindikiro ndi bokosi loyambira, bokosi loikamo zinthu,bokosi la silinda, bokosi looneka ngati buku, ndi zina zotero.Inuakhoza kusankhazosiyanakapangidwe ka bokosi kogwirizanamafuta onunkhirabotolo bwino kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka rBokosi la Igid ndi pepala la pamwamba, khadi lolimba komanso lamkatichogwiriraKatoniimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangidwa ngati bokosi la pepala ndipoimapangidwa ndi makina odzipangira okhaZipangizo za makatoni zimatha kusankhidwa kuyambira 600gsm mpaka 1800gsm ndipo zidzasankhidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa bokosi ndi momwe bokosilo ligwiritsidwira ntchito. Kachiwiri,pepala la pamwambayakhazikikandi dzanja ndi guluuPali mitundu yambiri ya mapepala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala apamwamba, monga pepala la C2S, pepala lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pepala lakuda la chikopa, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo nthawi zambiri pepala la 120gsm limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pepala lopaka pamwamba chifukwa ndi lopyapyala. Ngati pepalalo ndi loganiza kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuliyika bwino m'bokosi. Ndipo lotsatira ndi chogwirira chamkati,zomwe zingakhale thovuikani, ikani siponjindi Evaikani. Thovu ndi siponji ndi zofewa, pomwe zinthu za EVA ndi zolimba kuposa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Komabe, zinthu zitatuzi zitha kuteteza botolo la mafuta onunkhira kuti lisawonongeke. Chidule cha izi ndi chaKusankha zinthu zopangira, bokosi lolimba lili ndi muyezo wokhwima kwambiri pa chithandizo chatsatanetsatane.Mwachitsanzo,bokosi lolimba lapamwamba kwambiri lili ndiMolunjikamizere ya m'mphepete,kukula koyenerayachogwirira chamkatindimafuta onunkhirabotolo, ndi guluu wosaonekapa bokosi la mafuta onunkhira.

2.1Chivundikiro ndi Bokosi Loyambira

Kapangidwe ka chivindikiro ndi bokosi loyambira ndi kofala kwambiri. Limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a mabokosi opaka ndipo ndi loyenera kwambiri mabokosi opaka mafuta onunkhira a pepala. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa bokosilo kudzakhala kwakukulu, komwe ndikoyenera kwambiri kupanga seti ya mabokosi opaka mafuta onunkhira. Kupatula apo, chitetezo ichi ndi champhamvu kwambiri. Opanga mafuta onunkhira ambiri apamwamba angafune kugwiritsa ntchito chivindikiro ndi bokosi loyambira.

2.2Bokosi Looneka Ngati Buku

Bokosi looneka ngati mabuku nthawi zonse limapangidwa ndi katoni yolimba ndipo limakutidwa ndi pepala. Bokosilo lidzatsekedwa ndi maginito awiri, komabe mabokosi ena akuluakulu ooneka ngati mabuku amafunika maginito awiri kuti bokosi la mafuta onunkhira a pepala likhale lotsekedwa bwino. Ndipo likhozanso kupangidwa kukhala mabokosi opindika. Makasitomala ambiri amasankha bokosi lopindika looneka ngati mabuku m'malo mwake lolimba komanso losapindika, chifukwa bokosi la pepala lopindika ndi laling'ono ndipo lithandiza kusunga ndalama zotumizira. Ndipo amatha kutetezedwa bwino kuposa bokosi la mafuta onunkhira a pepala losapindika.

2.3Bokosi la silinda

Bokosi la pepala la silinda ndi lapadera lopangidwira mabotolo a mafuta onunkhira a silinda. Limagwirizana bwino ndi mabotolo a mafuta onunkhira a silinda. Limatha kuwonetsa mafuta onunkhira bwino akamapaka utoto ndi kapangidwe koyenera, kupatula apo, ndi bokosi la mafuta onunkhira la pepala la silinda lofananalo, limateteza botolo la mafuta onunkhira lagalasi bwino.

2.4Bokosi la Chitseko

Bokosi la pepala loikamo zinthu ndi bokosi la mapepala lodziwika bwino. Pali magawo awiri a bokosi la pepala loikamo zinthu, bokosi loyambira ndi bokosi la chivindikiro. Ndi chogwirira cha riboni, mutha kukoka bokosi loyambira mosavuta kuchokera m'bokosi la chivindikiro. Bokosi la pepala loikamo zinthu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito poikamo zinthu zonunkhiritsa. Bokosi la mafuta onunkhiritsa nthawi zonse limakhazikika ndi chogwirira chamkati, kenako mutha kuyika bokosi loyambira lotsamira pabokosi la chivindikiro, kenako mafuta onunkhiritsa amatha kuwonetsedwa pa kauntala.

Luso Lodziwika Bwino la Mabokosi Opaka Mafuta a Pepala

(1)Zinthu Zopangira Pepala

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapepala opangira mabokosi a mapepala. Pansi pa mapepala pali zinthu zazikulu zopangira bokosi la mafuta onunkhira, makatoni, mapepala ojambula, mapepala okhala ndi mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero.

Kadibodi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bokosi la pepala, kenako pepala lokhala pamwamba pake limakutidwa ndi bokosi la kadibodi kuti likhale lokongoletsera, monga pepala la zaluso ndi pepala lopangidwa. Pepala la zaluso, lomwe limatchedwanso pepala la zaluso la C2S, ndi pepala loyera lopanda kanthu, kenako liyenera kusindikizidwa ndi mtundu. Mtundu uliwonse ulipo kuti usindikizidwe. Ponena za pepala lopangidwa, mtundu wake sungathe kusindikizidwa ndi kusinthidwa malinga ndi makasitomala anu.'Chofunikira, chifukwa chili ndi mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo mutha kusankha mtundu wa kapangidwe kokha kuchokera m'bokosi la pepala lachitsanzo, koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe kake komwe mungasankhe.

(2)Kusindikiza

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mapepala ojambula amafunika kusindikizidwa chifukwa ndi pepala lopanda kanthu. Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu iwiri yosindikizira. Chimodzi ndi kusindikiza kwa CMYK, china ndi kusindikiza kwa mtundu wa Pantone. Mtengo wosindikiza mtundu wa Pantone ndi wokwera kuposa kusindikiza kwa CMYK, chifukwa chake, makasitomala ambiri amasankha kusindikiza kwa CMYK kuti asunge ndalama zogulira kuti mitengo ya zinthu zawo ikhale yopikisana.

(3)Kumaliza Pamwamba

Ponena za kusindikiza, kumaliza pamwamba ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga mapepala osindikizira ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa pepala labwino, lomwe lingateteze ku kuonongeka ndi kukanda. Pambuyo posindikiza, mapepala onse adzaphimbidwa ndi lamination kuti ateteze mtundu kuti usawonongeke komanso kuteteza pepala kuti lisasweke mosavuta. Ndipo pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungasankhe pano, lamination ya matte ndi lamination yonyezimira. Makasitomala ambiri amasankha lamination ya matte ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wokwera pang'ono, koma bokosi la pepala lokhala ndi lamination ya matte limawoneka lokongola komanso lapamwamba kwambiri.

(4)Chizindikiro

Pali zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi logo zomwe zimapezeka m'mabokosi onunkhira a mapepala, monga logo ya silkscreen, logo yotentha, logo yosindikiza, logo ya UV, logo yodetsedwa, logo yojambulidwa, ndi zina zotero. Chizindikiro chotentha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'bokosi lolongedza mapepala chifukwa chizindikiro chosindikizidwa chimawala pansi pa kuwala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, zomwe zimawoneka zapamwamba. Muthanso kuwona logo yagolide ndi logo yosindikizidwa ndi siliva. Ndipotu, pali mitundu yambiri yosindikizidwa, monga yakuda, yabuluu, yagolide wa duwa, ndi zina zotero. Mutha kutiuza mtundu womwe mukufuna, kenako tidzakusankhirani mtundu wofanana ndi womwe wasindikizidwa kuchokera m'buku lachitsanzo la mtundu wosindikizidwa.

(5)Chogwirira Chamkati

Mofanana ndi bokosi la mapepala wamba, pali mitundu yambiri ya zogwirira zamkati zomwe zimapezeka m'bokosi la mafuta onunkhira a pepala, monga zoyika thovu, zoyika siponji, zoyika EVA, ndi zoyika mapepala. Komabe, zoyika EVA nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa m'zoyika mkati izi. Zipangizo za EVA ndi zolimba koma zimatha kugwira botolo la mafuta onunkhira bwino, chifukwa zimatha kudulidwa mofanana ndi botolo la mafuta onunkhira.

Kodi Mungasinthe Bwanji Bokosi la Mafuta Onunkhira a Pepala?

Bokosi la mafuta onunkhira si bokosi lokha loti mupake ndikuwonetsa mafuta onunkhira, komanso chithunzi cha kampani. Monga tonse tikudziwa, chithunzi cha kampani ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira kwa kampani ndi kampani. Ngati kampani yanu ili ndi mbiri yabwino, ndiye kuti malonda anu adzagulitsidwa kwambiri ngakhale simulipira ndalama zambiri pazotsatsa. Chifukwa chake, bokosi la mafuta onunkhira lopangidwa mwamakonda ndi lofunikira, lomwe lingawonetse chikhalidwe ndi lingaliro lanu la kampani. Mutha kupanga mtundu wapadera wa bokosi la mafuta onunkhira ndikuyika dzina lanu pa ilo. Ndi chitukuko cha bizinesi yanu, anthu amatha kuzindikira mtundu wanu kudzera m'bokosi lanu la mafuta onunkhira.

Kenako, mungadandaule momwe mungasinthire bokosi lapadera la mafuta onunkhira anu. Musadandaule! Huaxin ili ndi gulu la akatswiri angapo ndipo tidzakuthandizani kupanga bokosi la mafuta onunkhira malinga ndi zosowa zanu komanso kapangidwe kanu.

(1)Kupanga Mabokosi Onunkhira

Tili ndi gulu la akatswiri opanga mapangidwe kuti mujambule mapangidwe anu kuti muwone ndikutsimikizira musanapange zitsanzo ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri. Mungotiuza kalembedwe ka bokosi, mtundu wa bokosi, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa botolo la mafuta onunkhira, ndipo mutitumizireni zojambula zanu za logo, ndi zina zotero. Kungakhale bwino kutitumizira chitsanzo cha botolo lanu la mafuta onunkhira, kenako tikhoza kuyeza miyeso yolondola ya botolo la mafuta onunkhira ndikupanga chogwirira chamkati cha kukula koyenera kwa mafuta onunkhira anu. Nthawi zambiri timapangira makasitomala athu mapangidwe aulere.

(2)Chitsanzo cha Bokosi la Mafuta Onunkhira

Pambuyo poti kapangidwe kake katsimikizika, titha kupanga bokosi la zitsanzo za mafuta onunkhira kuti makasitomala awone ngati ayitanitsa chitsanzo. Nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito bokosi la mafuta onunkhira ndi masiku 7-10, pomwe bokosi la mafuta onunkhira lamatabwa, limafunika masiku 12-15. Ngati muli ndi chitsanzo musanapange zinthu zambiri, mutha kuyesa kukula kwake ngati kuli koyenera botolo lanu la mafuta onunkhira, onani mtundu wake ndi zina pasadakhale. Mukafuna kusintha zina, ingotiuzani, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuzisintha popanga zinthu zambiri momasuka.

(3)Kupanga Mabokosi Onunkhira

Mukalandira ndemanga zanu ndi chitsimikizo chanu chokhudza chitsanzo, bokosi lanu lopaka mafuta onunkhira lidzakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo. Musanayambe kukonza ndikulemba zinthu zambiri, mutha kusintha zina, zomwe simukukhutira nazo mutayang'ana bokosi la chitsanzo. Mukayamba kupanga, zonse sizingasinthidwe. Nthawi yoperekera bokosi la mafuta onunkhira ndi pafupifupi masiku 25-30 ndipo zimatenga masiku pafupifupi 45 kuti bokosi la mafuta onunkhira likhale lamatabwa.

(4)Mayendedwe

Gawo lomaliza ndi mayendedwe. Nthawi zonse timapatsa makasitomala ntchito yoyendera malo amodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikhoza kukonza mayendedwe anu ngati simukufuna kukonza. Zachidziwikire, ngati muli ndi wothandizira wanu wotumiza katundu, mutha kuwapempha kuti akonze kutumiza ndikubwera ku fakitale yathu kudzatenga katundu. Njira zonse zotumizira zilipo ku fakitale yathu yamabokosi onunkhira, panyanja, pandege, ndi mthenga, ndi galimoto yayikulu, ndi sitima, ndi zina zotero.